[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "value": "Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Health was asked to provide a scientific opinion on the report “Evaluation of Strawberry Nursery Plant Cold Treatments on Survival of the Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci” submitted to the European Commission by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as technical justification for a derogation from requirements listed in Annex IV, Part A, Section 1, point 46 of the Council Directive 2000/29/EC[2]. The Panel reviewed the report to indicate methodological issues of concern and evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment proposed for the elimination of B. tabaci whiteflies from consignments to be shipped to the EU. In addition, the Panel clarified which viruses listed in the Annexes of Council Directive 2000/29/EC can be transmitted by strawberry plants and by B. tabaci. The Panel concludes that due to the poor quality of the report submitted and to serious shortcomings in the experimental design the report does not demonstrate the effectiveness of the cold treatment proposed. Although there is potential for the development of a cold treatment protocol for the elimination of B. tabaci from strawberry plant consignments, reliable mortality estimates for the proposed cold treatment of 28 degrees Fahrenheit (-2.2 degrees Celsius) for 2 weeks cannot be derived from this study. No B.tabaci-transmitted viruses are currently known to infect strawberry and no viruses of Fragaria spp. listed in Directive 2000/29/EC are known to be transmitted by B. tabaci. However, adult whiteflies of B. tabaci on strawberry consignments can carry plant viruses irrespective of whether strawberry is a host plant for these viruses and thus represent a pathway for the introduction of non-European viruses. There is also some uncertainty concerning the extent to which known or unknown B. tabaci-transmitted viruses could infect strawberry. Two whitefly-transmitted viruses have been recently confirmed as associated with strawberry pallidosis disease occurring in the US: Beet pseudo-yellows virus (BPYV) and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (Spiv) but are only known to be transmitted by the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum and not by B. tabaci. Strawberry plants for planting are vegetatively propagated and are thus subject to infection by viruses. Irrespective of the presence of B. tabaci, strawberry transplants from US may represent a pathway for the introduction of any non-European viruses (and other potentially harmful organisms) of Fragaria. This applies for example to SPaV, which is not reported as present in the EU and, if introduced, could be further spread by its vector, the glasshouse whitefly T. vaporariorum, which is widely established in the EU."
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "value": "BackgroundPeak cadence (steps/minute) has been presented as an indicator of children’s and adolescents’ best natural daily effort.PurposeThe goal of the study was to determine the relationship between peak walking cadence and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children and adolescents.MethodsData from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey on accelerometer, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BMI, and blood pressure from 1817 children and adolescents (aged 8–18 years) were analyzed in 2012. Participants were stratified based on CVD risk factors (0, 1, and ≥2) and age (8–11, 12–15, and 16–18 years). Age-specific trends were evaluated in peak 1-minute cadence (steps/minute recorded for the highest single minute in a day) and peak 30-minute and 60-minute cadence (average of the highest steps/minute recorded for the specified number of minutes, not necessarily consecutive) across strata.ResultsAcross ascending age groups, peak 1-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute cadence ranged from 123 to 111, 87 to 82, and 74 to 68 steps/minute, respectively. Peak 60-minute cadence means trended lower across groups of children with higher numbers of risk factors (p=0.02) in the age group 8–11 years; means similarly trended lower for all peak cadence indicators (all p for trend <0.01) in the age group 12–15 years; analogous trends were also significant in the age group 16–18 years.ConclusionsResults varied with age; however, children and adolescents who on average had higher peak cadence indicators tended to have fewer CVD risk factors. These cross-sectional data suggest that a simple indicator of best natural daily effort may play an important role in early progression of unfavorable cardiometabolic health."
    }
]